Dynamic-braking protection



Jan. 19, 1954 G. R. PURIFOY DYNAMIC-BRAKING PROTECTION 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed Feb. 15, 1952 INVENTOR George R. Purifoy.

ATTORNEY Jan. 19, 1954 G. R. PURlFOY 2,666,877

DYNAMI C BRAKING PROTECTION Fi led Feb, 13, 1952 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 To Control ihe Accelerating Resistors R2 and R3 FC-FF To Conlrol 4a the Braking Resistor R5 Sen-Par. Accel. Field-Shunt Braking Pun-Switches Resistor FC Contacts Resistor Fig.3.

Operation Parallel "o'er shunted Field Full Field cmm'lons Sequence 000 0 0 000 0 000 o 0 0o 00 o 000 o 0000 0 INVENTOR Spotting And Braking Full Field BY WM ATTORNEY George R. Purifoy.

control,-* for 1 protect Patented Jan. 19, 1954 STATES FATENT OFFICE DYNAMIO BRAKING' PROTECTION GeorgeirlthslPurifoy, Pittsburgh, Pa., assigpor to Westin house Electric Corporation, East Pitts! burgh ya a corporation of Pennsylvania. Application February 13, 1952 Serial No. 271,343 :1 Cl l-Q3 3 r5 .1 Myinvention -relates -to-- direct-current electricallypropelled- :ranwaywehiues; and it has particular relation" to =t-electrical' control-systems therefor; in which pr'ovision'is made for dynamic braking, --My 'invention is an improvement over the -'type-of control which-is shown in-the Riley and =Purifoy Patent 2,523,143," granted September '19;-1950;an application of'liynn Riley, Serial No. 95,904, filed ayne;- -1949 rand an application Of-JOhn-ERDraK Serial No.='--258,7 12, filed November'2 8,"'195l5'-" [My present --'inventi on =-relates to'a. system of g the -tra'ctio'n-motor or motors, during dy mic-braking operation, in the eventof -the'- lippin gf of "one or more of -the wheels'fifllmthejrai "a motor'icontrol-system to which my -inventio relates, it has been usual to= provide four tractionmotors per car, each motor drivingit's own drive-axle and-drivewheels' Twoof these motors have been permanently connected in series-with each other,v to provide oneseries motor meanspwhile the other two motors 'have been permanently connected in series with each other topro'videa second seriesmotor means. The dynamic braking connections have been such that two dynamic-braking circuits have'-been-'provijded',-' with-the two-armatures of one 0f'-the"-tWQSQIiQS-mOtOI' means loaded by the field-windings of the'other one of said" two series-mqtof means'. During dynamic braking, the resistance in thc two dynamicebraking circuits has been progressively reduced, under a single limit-relay-control, which permitted the braking-progression to'occur, or to continue, whenever, or as long as, the braking-controlling limit-relay registered a' current 'which was lower than the-desired'minimum braking-current.

Heretofore, this *comm'on braking-controlling limitrelay means has -been a recalib'rated' adjustment "of theacceleratingcontrolling' limitrelay means. I t'hasbeen responsive to the armature currentin one ofthe two series-motor means or circuits I My te'stshavedndicated that if the wheels which drive one ofthe'setraction motorsas' a series generatorfi'should slip, during-dynamic braking; the "currentfin the" 'motor-armature's of that series'-motor'-means; or-that pair of series generators, will"decr"ase,-*while" tlie current in the other two -mpt'or' armatures will increase. This is because the speedof-the slipping motor drops' practically to iei'o, and hence'it generates 'no-'-voltage 'asaseries generator.

en ame old scheme, wherein only one :brakwearea i are to the series field windings of the armatures which are in the other dynamic-braking circuit, and hence the effector. progressively reducing the dynamic-braking resistance in this other or "sound dynamic-braking ,circuit results in very excessive armature-currents in this sound circult. :Tests have shown that these excessive currents may be many times the normal brakingcurrent value, even ati'moderate motor-speeds.

" These excessive currents result in excessive braking and excessivemotor-heatin or even burnouts, and produce a strong possibility of motorflashing.

In accordancewith my present invention, I overcome these 'difficulties, and I- even stop .such slipping,,withoutrequiring any special relays, or any extra. train-line wires for controlling a multiple-unit train embodying my equipment. .I accomplish this bythe simple expedienti of providing a second braking-controlling limit-relay,

having its operating-coil connected in series with the motor-armatures which heretofore havenot been provided with a braking-controlling limitrelay means, and vI allow-a progressive reduction of-the resistance in both of theibraking-circuits to occur, or to continue, only .when both ofthe braking current limit-relays register a current which is lower than the-desired minimum value oi-bralzing-current.:If,.asris usual, the limitrelay calibration is adjusted in accordance with the position of the brake-handle (so as to obtain various selected-braking-rates), then preferably the same recalibrating-means should be applied to both of the "braking-controlling limit-relays. My testsv have indicated thatif a drive-wheel axle begins to slip, during dynamic brakingnot only, does 1 the current of that .motorrarm'ature drop immediately, but the armature-voltage of the two aramtures in the sound dynamic-braking circuit begins to fall on". changing somewhat slowly because of theslcw flux-changes which occur in a self-excited-seriesegenerator'combination. Consequently; the excitation of i the series 'field winding of the slipping motor falls om-thus reducing the load onrthis motor which is operating as a generator. While this operation has been described as slow, it will usually be found, in a matter of perhaps a second, or a very few seconds, which is really a small time in the braking cycle, that the load on the slipping armature will be reduced sufficiently so that it stops slipping, and begins operating normally again as a driven series generator, whereupon the braking-progression automatically picks up where it left off, and proceeds in a normal manner. Meanwhile, some dynamic braking has been continuously available, on the car or train, and the delay in picking up full dynamic braking-conditions has been only a small part of the time which is required to stop the car or train. At the same time, the motors which are connected to the non-slipping wheels are protected against excessive currents and against commutator-flashing, while theoccupants of the car or train are protected against excessive brakingefiorts such as were heretofore experienced.

*With the foregoing and other objects in view, my invention consists in the circuits, systems, apparatus, combinations, parts, and methods of design and operation, hereinafter described and claimed, and illustrated in the accompanying drawing, wherein:

Figure 1 is a simplified circuit-diagram of the parts of one car, which are necessary to illustrate my present invention, omitting many parts which are known to be needed in a successful railway-control equipment of the type to which my invention is applied, but which are not necesto be discussed in setting forth the nature and operation of my present improvements;

Fig. 2 is a fragmentary schematic, or acrossthe-line diagram, of the novel features of my present invention, and enough of the other equipment to show the setting of the invention and the operation of its essential or generic features; and

Fig. 3 is a sequence-chart.

Fig. '1 represents some of the equipment which is carried by a single electrically propelled rail- 'way-car embodying my invention. Direct-current power is supplied to the car from a trolley- --wire 200, or a third rail, which is engaged by a trolley-pole 20I, or a third-rail shoe or other current-collecting equipment, carried by the car.

The trolley-pole 20I energizes a line 202 which constitutes a supply-circuit for the car. The traction-motors for the car are series motors, which are indicated, by way of a simple example,

in Fig. l, as comprising two motor-armatures AI and A2, each being associated with its own series field winding SFI and SF2, respectively,

the ordinary reversing-switches being omitted for the sake of simplicity. Two series-motor means, or circuits, are shown. The first series- "LSI anda ground-switch GI are used as power- ,switch means for establishing a power circuit for energizing the motors, by connecting the first armature-terminalATI to the supply-circuit 202, and connecting the second armature-terminal AT2 to ground. For completing the series-circuit connections, a switch JR is closed in addition to the power-switches LSI and GI. For parallelmotor operation, two switches M and G are closed in addition to the power-switches LSI and GI. The parallel-motor switch M provides a circuitconnection between the armature-terminal ATI of one series-motor means and the field-terminal FT of the other series-motor means; while the other parallel-motor switch G provides a circuitconnection between the other armature-terminal AT2 and the other field-terminal FI I. During an intermediate transition-period, a switch J is closed. These motor-controlling connections are all in accordance with a well-known switchingsystem.

Dynamic-braking circuits are established by opening the two power-switches LSI and GI and closing a braking-switch BI in addition to the two parallel-connection switches M and G, also in accordance with a well-known system or arrangement. The braking-switch BI provides a common dynamic-braking circuit-connection 203 between the respective intermediate connectionpoints AXI and AX2 of the two series-motor means, thus providing two dynamic-braking circuits wherein the motor-armature or armatures of each of said series-motor means are loaded by the field winding or windings of the other one of said series-motor means, respectively.

A suitable number of series-connected accelerating resistances are used, as indicated at RI, R2, R3 and R4. The resistance RI is disposed between the supply-line 202 and the first armature-terminal ATI, and is shorted out by means of a second line-switch LS2. The resistance R2 is in series with the first field-terminal FI I, and is progressively shorted out by means of switchcontacts SI, S3 and S9. The resistance R3 is in series with the second field-terminal FT, and is progressively shorted out by switch-contacts S2, S4 and SIO. The resistance R4 is in the series-motor connection which is made by the switch JR, and this resistance is finally shorted out by the transition-switch J, for obtaining the full-series power-circuit connection of the motors. During parallel motor operation, the switch-contacts S3, S4 and S9, SIO are successively or progressively closed, during the acceleration of the motor, and after all of the accelerating-resistances R2 and R3 have been cut out, the field-strengths of the motors are progressively reduced, to provide short-field operatingconditions.

In accordance with a usual arrangement, the motor-fields are reduced by equipping each of the series field windings SFI and SF2 with a fieldshunt, comprising an inductive reactor XI or X2, as the case may be, and a variable resistor RSI and RS2, respectively. The field-shunts Xi-RSI and X2-RS2 are first connected in parallel relation to their respective field-windings SFI and SFZ, by means of contact-terminals II and I2 respectively of a progressively or sequentially operating field-controlling means, which is herein illustrated as an electrically operated drum-type field-controller FC. After the respective fieldshunts have been connected into operation, the field-shunt resistances RSI and RS2 are then progressively shorted out by successive controller-points I3, I5, I1 and I9, for RSI, and I4, I6, I8 and 20, for RS2, as the field-controller PC is moved from its initial full-field position FF,

I through its, intermediate positions FI, F2, F3 and F4 to its short-field position SF, atwhich point the field-winding currents.v are. reduced to about fifty per centof their: unshunted values.

During dynamic. braking, the two motors are connected bythe, common dynamic-braking cirwit-connection 283, which contains the brakingswitch Bi and a braking-resistance R5. li'his resistance R5 is used, in addition to the previously mentioned accelerating-resistances R2 and R3,'in establishing the complete dynamic-braking circuit. The braking resistance R5 is progressively shorted out. by means of brakingswitchesBZ, B5 and B8, during dynamic-brakin operations, after which the acceleration-resist ances R2 and R3, or portions thereof, are progressively shorted out, as by the switch-contacts S3, S4, and S9, S 0. (The switch contacts SI and S2; are permanently closed during the dynamicbraking operations, in the illustrated system.)

The progressive operation of the various resistance-shorting switches, during both motoring operation and dynamic braking, is under the automatic control of a suitable limit-relay or relays, which are energized to be responsive to conditions which accompany excessive torque in the motors. Such a l-imi-t-relayis illustrated in the form of a current-relay CR, having an actuatingcoil CR which is connected in series-circuit relation between the intermediate connectionpoint AX! and the series field winding SFI This current-relay CR also has a back-contact 294 (also marked CR) which is normally closed, that is, which is closed in the non-actuated or lowcurrent position of the relay.

The current-relay CR is also provided with certain recalibrating -means. In accordance with previous practice, this relay is provided with a cumulatively operating rate-coil RC, which is energized through a weight-responsive rheostat 2515, during accelerating operations, and which is energized through a braking-responsive rheostat 206 during dynamic-braking conditions. The weight-responsive rheostat 205 is automatically adjusted according to the variable weight or live load carried by the car, so that the rate-coil RC is the most strongly excited during light-load conditions, thus reducing the minimum-current setting at'which the limit-relay CR picks up and opens its back-contact 204. The braking-responsiverheostat 286 isautomatically changed in response to the position of the brake-handle 2M, so that the rate-coil RC has its maximum excitation when a low braking-rate is called for, thus providing a low minimum-current setting at which the limit-relay CR picks up and opens its back contact 264.

All of the electrically controlled relays and switches which are shown in Fig. 1 are diagrammatically indicated as having vertical switchstems (indicated by dotted lines), which are biased by gravity toward their lowermost positions, and all of these switches and relays are shown, in Fig. l, in their deenergized or nonactuated positions. All of the relays and switches are electrically controlled, and they are illustrated as being electrically or magnetically operated, by means of an appropriately numbered or lettered coil or solenoid, represented by a circle,

acting magnetically to lift an armature which is represented diagrammatically by a smaller circle inside of the coil-circle. In general, the same switch-designation is applied to any particular switch, its coil, and its contacts, by way of identification of .the parts belonging to a given switch or relay. The various electrical controlcircuits for the train are mderthe, controller a numherpf. trainline wires, which. extend. from. car to, car, throughout the entire. length of the train. In the simplified circuit-diagram of Fig. 1, eight of these train-line wires are indicated bein iv their usual designations.v namely 6+). 3. 4.. 5, 6,, 1,12 andGS'.

Energy for the various relay-circuits,- is p ovided by means of a battery B on each car. 'Ijhe negativeterminal of each battery is permanently grounded, while; the positive terminal oi each battery is connected, through a switch 208, to the positive train-line wire (-l-i.

Each end of each car is provided: with. a motor Inans master controller only one f; which is, indicated in Fig. 1. The illustrated maste controller MC is indicated as being an, accelerate ing-controller having an off-position, andv three on-positions 1, 2 and 3. In each, of; the three on-positions of the master-controller MC, the positive control-wire (+2 is connected to the train-line wires l2, GS and 6. The, train-line wire [2 is the energizing-wire for the operatingcoil LSI of the line-switch LSI while the train,- line wire GS is the energizing-wire for the operating-coil Gl of the. ground-switch GI, as will be vsubsequently described.

In the second and third .on-rpositions of the accelerating-drum of the master controller MC, the train-line wire 4 is energized from the positive bus while in the third oil-positio Of this controller, the train-line wire I is. ener ize from the positive bus In the off-position of the accelerating drum or master controller MC, a connection is made from the positive control-wire (4- to the train-line wire 3. In the master controller MC, in accordance with a known practice, there is an overlap between the off-position contact which energi s this conductor 3, and the on-position contacts which energize the conductors I2 and GS. so that, during the notching-ofi. of the master- .controller MC, the contact at, 3 is made before the contact or contacts, at 12' and GS are brok This overlapping construction is particularly necessary in properly controlling a braking-operation protective-relay BP which will be subsequently described, and which also constitutes the subject matter of the previously mentioned Riley application.

' The circuits and the operations, under the control of the various control-Wires [2, GS, 6, 4, I, 3 and 5, are best described together. With special emphasis on the novel features, of mypresent invention. fteference may be. made to the previ ously mentioned. copending Riley application, and also to the previously mentioned Riley and Purifoy Patent 2,523,14r3, granted September 19, 19-50, for further explanations of previously known features with which my present invention cooperates. Reference may also be had to Fig. 3 of the accompanying drawings, which shows the sequence of the switchin operations,

The first on-position of the accelerating-controller MC,'in Fi l, is a switching position, in which the controlewires l2, GS, and 6 are all energized. The control-wire l2 energizes the operating-coil LSI of the line-switch LS1, through interlocks, which are provided by thev brakingswitches BI and B5, in the form, of back-contacts 2% and 2 I53, respectively.

The train-line wire GS. energizes. the. operatin coil GI of; the ground-switch, GI. through interlocks which. are provided. iz-the brakin -switch .Bl andthe reralleleoperationswitch.G. inthe form of back-contacts 2H and 2I3, respectively; and this ground-switch GI is provided with a make-contact 2I4 which by-passes the G-interlock 2 I 3.

The train-line wire 6 is connected, through an LSI make-contact 2H, to a relay-circuit 60, which is connected, through a GI make-contact M8, to a circuit 62 which constitutes a hold-circuit for the switch-progression for the acceleratingresistance short-circuiting switches SI to SIO and J. This hold-circuit 62 is used to energize the operating coil JR of the series-motor-circuit switch JR, through interlocks on the switches J and G, in the form of back-contacts 220, and 22 I, respectively. The said hold-circuit 62 is also used to directly energize the close-coil or actuatingcoil BP-Close of the braking-operation protective-relay BP.

The result of the master-control energizations,

in the No. 1 on-position of the master controller 1 MC, is thus to close the main-circuit or powercircuit contacts of the traction-motor switches LSI, GI and JR, thereby completing a seriesconnection motor-circuit for causing a slow movement of the train, for so-called switching purposes, with all of the accelerating-resistances in series with the motors. This circuit can be traced from the supply-circuit 202, through the main LSI contact, the resistor RI, the armature Al, the current-relay coil CR, the series field SFI, the resistance R2, the main JR contact, the resistance R4, the resistance R3, the series field SFZ, the motor armature A2, and the main GI contact, to ground.

At the same time, the energization of the braking-operation protective-relay BP paves the way for the subsequent energization of the dynamic-braking circuits of the motors, and also for the automatic progression-control, under the control of the limit-relay or current-relay CR, both for the motoring progression during acceleration, and for the dynamic-braking progression during an application of the brake-lever 201, as will be subsequently described.

The energization of the series-connection switch JR closes a JR make-contact 222 which energizes the full-field wire 34 of the field-controller FC, from a hold-circuit 61, which is connected to the previously described hold-circuit 62 through an LS! make-contact 223.

The full-field wire 34 of the field-controller FC energizes a full-field coil FC-FF, or other means for causing the field controller FC to move or progress from its short-field position SF to its full-field position FF. This energization of the full-field coil FC-FF in response to an actuation of the series-connection switch JR thus assures that the field-controller F is in its fullfield position FF during the series-connection operation of the traction-motors.

The No. 2 position of the accelerating-controller MC energizes the train-dine wire 4, which is connected, through an LSI make-contact 225, to a conductor 40. The conductor 40 is connected, through an LS2 back-contact 226, and a JR make-contact 221, to a conductor 42, which energizes the operating-coil LS2 of the second lineswitch LS2, whichshort-circuits the first accelerating-resistor R I. This LS2 switch has a makecontact 228 which picks up and serves as a holding-circuit contact between the circuits 60 and 42.

This second line-switch LS2 also has a makecontact 229 which connects the circuit 40 to a circuit 45, which is connected, through the CR limit-relay- -back-contact 204, and a. BP makecontact 230, to a circuit 46-which constitutes the main limit-relay progression-circuit of the control-equipment. This limit-relay progressioncircuit 46 is thus not only under the control of the limit-relay or current-relay CR, which is responsive to excessive motor-currents, but it is also under the control of the braking-operation protective-relay BP, which must b closed (with the protective relay in its actuated position) before there can be any progression during either the motoring operation or the braking operation.

This limit-relay progression-circuit 46 is connected, through an LSI make-contact 23I, to a progression-wire 41, which is connected through an LS2 make-contact 232 to a control-wire 50. The control-wire 50 energizes the operating-coil I-2 for a resistor-shorting progression-switch which carries the two main contacts SI and S2, this energization being efiected through a backcontact 233 of this same switch I-2. Thus, this energizing-circuit from the conductor 50 includes the switch-out interlock 233, a conductor 5|, and the coil I-2. The switch I-2 picks up and closes a holding-circuit make-contact 234, which energizes the circuit 5| from the hold-circuit 61.

The actuation of the resistance-shorting switch I-2 also closes a make-contact 235, which energizes a circuit 53 from the progressioncircuit 41, through a back-contact 236 of a resistance-shorting switch 3-4, which is the switch which carries the main switching-contacts S3 and S4. The energizing circuit for this switch extends from the conductor 53, through the operating coil 3-4 and a back-contact 231 of a resistance-shorting switch 9-I0, thence through a control-circuit conductor I09, and a J-switch back-contact 238, to the grounded negative battery-terminal The actuation of the resistance-shorting switch 3-4 closes a make-contact 239 which establishes a holding- :ircuit for the conductor 53 from the hold-wire The actuation of the progression-switch 3-4 also closes a make-contact 24I, which completes a circuit from the progression-wire 41 to a conductor 59, which energizes the actuating coil 9-I0 of the resistance-shorting switch which carries the main switch-contacts S9 and SIO, the negative terminal of said coil 9-! being connected to the previously described wire I09. The actuation of the switch 9-I0 closes a makecontact 242 which establishes a holding-circuit for the conductor 59 from the hold-wire 6T.

The actuation of the resistance-shorting switch 9-I0 also closes a make-contact 243, which is connected between the progression-wire 41. a back-contact 244 of the resistance-shorting switch 3-4, and a circuit 65, thus energizing the operating-coil J of the transition-switch J, through the G-switch back-contact 246. The transition-switch J then closes its main or powercircuit contact J, which constitutes the last step in the series motor-connection for the tractionmotors, cutting out the last accelerating-resistance R4. This transition-switch J has a makecontact 24! which establishes a holding-circuit from the conductor 65 back to the hold-line 62. The previously described J-switch back-contacts 220 and 238 are opened, upon the energization of the transition-switch J, thus dropping out the initial series-connection switch JR, and the accelerating-switches 3-4 and 9-I0.

Thenext step in the acceleration of the traction-motors is accomplished by a movement of the master-controllerMC to its No. 3 position,

9, which energizes the train-line wire I. This train-wire I is connected, through a back-contact 249 of the resistance-shorting switch Siill, and a make-contact 25B of the transition-switch J, so as to energize a control circuit 3|, which is in turn connected, through a 'JR'back-contact 25L to a control-circuit 66 which energizes the operating coils M and G or" the .paralle'l-motor-connection switches M and G. These switches M and G thereupon connect the traction-motors in parallel, between the supply-circuit 2G2 and ground, with only two of the resistance-shorting switches energized, namely the second lineswitch LS2, and the switch 1-2 which carries the main switching-contacts S1 and S2. The energization oi the parallel-connection switch G opens the previously described baclbcontaet 245, which drops out the transition-switch J. The energization of the parallel-connection switch M closes a make-contact 252', which establishes a holding-circuit for the conductor 56 from the line '60.

Responsive to the dropping-out oi the transition-switch J, the back-contact 238 of this switch recloses, and i'e-initiat'es the switchprogression of the resistance-shorting contacts S3 to SIB, under the control of the switches 3-4 and 9-H), through the circuits which have been previously described. This establishes the maxi mum armature-voltage conditions on the motors,

and it completes the connections for the Jfullfield parallel-connection operation of the traction-motors, as indicated also in the sequence chart of Fig. 3.

As soon as the last resistance-shorting switch ,35

9I0 closes, it closes an additional contact 253, which energizes a field-controller-actuating circuit irom the progress-wire 41, said circuit extending from the wire 41 through a make-contact 255 of the parallel-connection switch M, a "backcontact 256 of the resistance-shorting Jswitch '3-4, the aforesaid make-contact 2154 of the resistance-shorting switch '9i'0, and a makecontact 258 of the line-switch BS2, "and thence to the short-field wire 39 of the field-com,

troller no. I g I The short-field wire 39 or the field-controller energizes theshort-lfield coil FC-SF, :or other means which may be used to move theifieldcontroller from its 'full-fi'e'l'd position to its short-field position SF. This starts "theprog'res- 'sive operation of the field-controller, and it may be brought about in any one of several ways. In the illustrated form of embodiment, since the control-power for the short-field wire .39 is obtained from the progress-wire Al, which is under the control of the CR limit-relay contact 204, the field-weakening progression of the field-controlle'r F0 is interrupted whenever the Lmdtorcurrent is above its predetermined minimum value, for which the limit-relay CR is set. This completes the connections for the short-field parallel-connection operation of the tractionr'notors, thus completing the accelerationprogression, as indicated .in the sequence-chart of Fig.3. v

If, now, the master-controller .MG .is returned to its cit-position, the car or train being .now running at some speed, the master-controller will energize the train-line wire which may .be described as the brake-wire 3, because it is used to set up the dynamic-braking circuits for the motors during the coasting operation. When ;theb ral ing-protective .relayBP isused, asshown, the brake-wire ".3 is also used to directly energize the hold-coil BP-Hold of the braking-protective relay BP, and this hold-coil may be regarded as representative of any holding-means which is eflective only after the protective relay BP has previously been moved to its actuated position. When a separate holding-coil BP-Hold is used as such a holding-means for the BP'relay, said coil will be made so as to be too weak to pick up the BP relay if the relay is in its non-actuated position when the hold-coil is energized, but the hold-coil BP-Hold has enough energy to hold the relay actuated or closed, once it has been actuated. I a

The brake-wire '3 is connected, through an LS1 back ccntact 2t! and a BP make-contact 262,, to a control-circuit 313. This control-circuit 31B is connected, through a GI back-contact 253 to the previously described control-circuit wire "31,, which energizes the previously described parallelmotoring switches M and G through the JR, backcontact 25'! and. the control-wire 55. The control-conductor SIBis also connected, through a G! back-contact 264, to a braking-operation hold-wire H, which is connected to thepositive terminal of the braking-switch coil Bl, the negative terminal of which is connected in a circuit which includes a B5 back-contact 265, a .conduc tor W2, another B5 back-contact 25 a conductor 1M, and a JR back-contact 251, and thence to the grounded negative battery-terminal The closure of the switches M, G and B] com- .plet'es the establishment of a weak coastingoperation dynamic-braking circuit-connection for the traction-motors, with all of the available dynamic-braking resistances R5, R2 and PS3 in circuit, this dynamic-braking resistance being large enough so that the braking tractive-effiort is usually quite weak, .at moderate motor-speeds, thus permitting the train to coast, withlittle or no sensible or perceptiblebraking-effect, as long as the field-controller FC remains in its shortfieldposition. A connection is also provided, for controlling the field-controller "FC during the coasting-op- ,eration. Thus, I provide acircuit extending-from the braking-operation 'holdqvire '51, through .a back-contact 26B of a brake relay BR, to a control-circuit 3.2,, and thence, through the hack contact 259 of a spotting-relay to .aspo'ttingoperation control-circuit 33. The brake-relay BR was shown and described in the previously mentioned Riley and Purifoy patent, and its .energizing-circuit will be referred to hereinafter. The spotting relay SR is a previously used relay. having an -.operating-.coil SR which .is included in the common brake-circuit connection 203., so that this Irelay is responsive to the braking-circuit current. This spotting-relay .SR is ,adjusted to have a low-current pickup-value, so that "it can hold the braking-circuit current to a small .value suitable 'tor spotting .punposes, during the coasting operation of the traction-motors, as is well .understoodin the art.

The spotting-operation control-circuit 133 is used to control two branch-circuits in a known manner. The first branch-circuit from thew-ire J33 extends to a field-controller segment 269a, this segment making a closed contact when the field-controller PC is in positions SF through =F3. This field controiler segment 259a connects the control-circuit 33 to the full-field Wire-=341of the field-controller EC. The second branch-circuit BR, and thence to a conductor 35, a tfieldecon- 11 troller contact-segment 269a, and then to a braking-progression circuit 48, the function of which will be subsequently described.

In accordance with a known control-method, the spotting-relay SR has a make-contact 216 which connects the circuit 32 to a circuit 36, which goes to a field-controller contact-segment 21I, which is closed only during certain early points in the progressive movement of a fieldcontroller F'C from its full-field position FF toward its short-field position SF. This fieldcontroller segment 21! is preferably opened at a certain point near the short-field position SF, preferably before the field-controller reaches this short-field position SF. As shown, I prefer to have this field-controller segment 21I closed at the positions FF through F3 of the field-controller FC. This field-controller segment 21! is used to connect the wire 36 to the short-field wire 39 of the field-controller FC. In this way, when the spotting current is too large, that is, large enough to pick up the spotting-relay the spotting current is reduced bv adiusting the motor-fields toward a weaker condition, by making the field-controller FC progress in the direction towards its short-field position, but this progre sion is usually arrested before the fieldcontroller returns all of the wav back to its original short-field position SF, which it occupied before the spottin -control co menced to operate.

A service braking-application is made by the closure of the brake-lever 281, which energizes the full-brake wire 5 from the brake-wire 3. This full-brake wire 5 is connected directly to the coil BR of the brake-relay BR. This brake-relay BR has a make-contact 212, which connects the full-brake line 5 to the conductor 45 which leads up to the limit-relay progression-circuit 46, thus putting the braking progression under the control of the back-contact 284 of the limit-relay or current-relay CR, as well as under the control of the BP make-contact 238, both of which are in circuit between the conductor 45 and the limitrelay progression-circuit 46.

Whenever a braking-application is called for, the energization of the brake-relay BR closes a BR make-contact 213, which is used to energize the full-field wire 34, in the initiation of the dynamic-braking progression, as will shortly be described. In accordance with my present invention, however, I also use a second brakingcontrolling limit-relay, the o erating coil of which is shown at LB, in the circuit between the inter .mediate connection-point AX2 of the second series-motor means, and the series field winding SP2 of said second series-motor means. This second limit-relay LB is provided with a backcontact 214, which is connected between the limit relay progression-circuit 46 and a control-wire 49, which is in turn connected to the brake-relay make-contact 213, and thence to the full-field wire 34 of the field-controller F0. Since the first limit-relay progression-circuit 46 is under the control of the first limit-relay CR, and since the control-wire 46 is additionally under the control 01 the second limit-relay LB, the dynamic-braking progression is thus under the control of both 01' these limit-relays CR and LB, in accordance with my present invention.

When the braking-controlling progression has proceeded to the point at which full-field conditions are restored in the traction-motors, the field-controller FC closes a full-field contactmember 216, which closes a circuit from the fullfleld wire 34 to the braking-progression circuit 48.

The energization of the braking-circuit progression-wire 48 immediately serves, through a BI make-contact 218, which is already closed, to energize a circuit 12, which is connected, through a B2 back-contact 219, to a circuit 82 which is connected to the positive terminal of the B2 actuating-coil, the negative terminal of which is connected to the previously described conductor I82. The B2 switch thus picks up and closes its main contact B2 which shorts out a part of the braking-resistance R5 in the common dynamicbraking circuit 283 of the traction-motors. The actuation of the B2 switch closes a makemontact 266 which establishes a holding-circuit for the wire 82 from the hold-wire H.

A circuit is next established from the lower end of the progression-wire 48. through a B6 back-contact 28I, to a conductor 15, and thence through a B2 make-contact 282, which has Just been closed, to a conductor 85 which is connected to the positive terminal of the B5 actuating-coil, the negative terminal of which is connected to the previously mentioned wire I84. The B5 switch closes its main-circuit contact B5, which shorts out more of the braking-resistance R5 in the common dynamic-braking circuit 283 of the traction-motors. At the same time, the B5 switch closes a make-contact 283 which establishes a holding-circuit from the conductor 85 back to the hold-wire 1|.

The energization of the braking-progression switch B5 opens its previously mentioned backcontacts 265 and 266, thus dropping out the switches BI and B2, the main contacts of which are both short-circuited, now, by the main contact B5. The dropping-out of the BI switch closes its lowermost back-contact 284, which completes a circuit from the conductor 15 to a B5 make-contact 285, and thence to a wire 86, which is connected to the positive terminal of the B6 coil, the negative terminal of which is connected to the wire I04. The B6 switch thus closes, and closes its main contact B6 which further shorts out some of the braking-resistor R5,

thus still further reducing the eifective brakingresistance in the dynamic-braking circuits. At the same time, the actuation of the B6 switch closes its make-contact 286, which establishes a holding-circuit forthe wire 86 from the wire 1|.

The actuation of the B6 switch also closes a make-contact 281, which connects the progression-wire 48 to the previously described conductor 12, thereby reenergizing the B2 switch, the negative circuit of which is now completed from the wire I82, through a B6 make-contact 268, to the wire I84.

It will be understood thatall of these brakingprogression operations are under the control oi both of the limit-relays CR and LB, so that when either one of these limit-relays responds and picks up its back-contact 284 or 214, as the case may be, the braking-progression will be interrupted until the motor-current subsides to a desirable value.

The braking-circuit progression-wire 48 is also connected, through a GI out-contact or backthus 'reimtiatmg the progression of the respective dyna -bral;1ngcirc I I tion motors, this progression being also under the same limit-relay control." I Ever since theactuationof'the'BE wit B5 make-contact 2 92" has bee accelerating-resistance "hold circuit 7 r .9 r i es thi ma s accelerating-resistor switches S if'to S I t bralging progres sion'jthus "continues jun stantially fall of the"brakingfiesistand H moved from the dynamic' braling" circuit, "'th' lt n n the CQ Q ib 9f" theji .d braking operation, duringwhich the "sp c the car or train has been reducedirofn the initi. speed at which the dynamic brae'was' down to r a low speed athvhich the dynamic brake fades out-1.

It has long been recalibrate the limit-relay CR," by'inea rate-coil which adjusts" the dropout-setting of this limit-relay in accordance with desired atin r nii io s. du ing. qth m r an braking. These crate-coil 7M .iii stinehltsiinvolve both the previously"mentioned"weight responsive customary Ito auto, Of il'h rheostat'2ll5, which is in circuit with a make-j contact 293' of the line-switch LS2, which is closed during accelerationprogression; arid-the previously" mentioned lzxrakhig-responsive* rheog sta't'2fl6, which is in circuit-"with a make-contact 294 of the braking-relay BR, which is closed when dynamic braking is called for by the ener gization of the full-brake line 5.

In my invention, if such a rate-coil RC is used, for a limit-relay CR which is used during both acceleration and braking, then it is desirable, as shown in Fig. 1, that a similar rate-coil RC shall be provided for my second limit-relay LB,

Which is used only in the dynamic-braking progression-control. Although this second limitrelay LB is used only during dynamic-braking, and not during the motoring operation, it is nevertheless convenient to energize its rate-coil RC in the same manner as the other rate-coil RC, these two rate-coils being shown, for convenience, in series with each other, simply by way of an example. Since the second limit-relay LB is not in any of the control-circuits during motoring acceleration, the recalibration of the rate-coil RC of this second limit-relay, during motoring, under the control of the LS2 interlock 293 and the weight-responsive rheostat 205, is immaterial, and it is simpler to let it happen than to provide means for looking out this ratec'oil control of the rate-coil RC during the motoring operation.

The operation of the simplified illustrated apparatus will be clear from the running comments which have been made during the progress of the description, as well as from the prior art which is represented by the Riley and Purifoy patent and the copending Riley application. A few words of added explanation, as to the features which are more particularly related to my novel relay-circuit parts, may, however, be helpful.

The novel control feature of the present invention is the use of two limit-relays, CR. and LB, respectively, one for each of the individual braking-circuits, during the dynamic-braking operation. The invention is applicable, either when there are only two traction-motors on the car, as indicated in Fig. 1, with a single motor t 2 95 and driv'e vvheel' or y the "rateasse t i h 'f ry n e, t e on a n ja i'd. .i u ts b m limit braking-progression:control jhavef' plained its manner of operation, in "connection with a particular simplified illustrative form of embodiment, I wish it to be understood that the efflcacy of the invention is not affected by the addition of desired additional features or safeguards, or by the omission of undesired or unnecessary features, or by the substitution of equivalent or alternative forms of various means or elements for performing the essential element-functions which have been described and explained. I desire, therefore, that the appended claims shall be given the broadest construction consistent with their language.

I claim as my invention:

1. A railway-motor control-assembly, including the combination; with two series-motor means, adapted to be connected to a plurality of drive-shafts of a vehicle, each series-motor means including a motor-armature or armatures, and a series field winding or windings connected in series therewith; of: (a) a braking-circuit means, providing two dynamic-braking circuits wherein the motor-armature or armatures of each of said series-motor means are loaded by the field winding or windings of the other one of said seriesmotor means, respectively, both of said dynamicbraking circuits including variable braking-circuit resistance; (b) a separate braking-controlling limit-relay means, for individually responding to conditions in the respectivedynamic-braking circuits, each of said braking-controlling limit-relay means being energized to be responsive to conditions which accompany a lower-than-desirecl braking-current in its own dynamic-braking circuit; and (c) a progressively operating brakingcontrol means, operative only whenever a lowcurrent condition exists simultaneously in both of said. limit-relay means, for progressively controlling the braking-adjustments of both of said dynamic-braking circuits during dynamic-braking conditions, said progressively operating bra-kprimesf'as Al, SF

rha i' 1a uriv 'aee nectibn 4 v "wefenergiZing of course; that'each" recallibraltin'g- -n' s '1 l R ihe s has f? concluding?observations; o believed [to "be"neces"-' is gressively reducing the braking-circuit resistance in both of said dynamic-braking circuits.

2. The invention as defined in claim 1, characterized by each of said limit-relay means (b) in cluding a variable setting-controlling means, and

means for simultaneously controlling the two variable setting-controlling means.

3. A railway-motor control-assembly, including the combination; with two series-motor means, adapted to be connected to a plurality of driveshafts of a vehicle, each series-motor means including a series-circuit connection including, in order, a motor-armature or armatures, an intermediate connection-point, and a series field winding or windings for supplying the field-excitation for said armature or armatures; of: (a) a braking-circuit means, for providing a parallel-motor circuit-connection between the armature-ter1ninal of each of said series-motor means and the field-terminal of the other one of said seriesmotor means, and for providing a common dynarnic-braking circuit-connection between the respective intermediate connection-pointsv of the two series-motor means, whereby to provide two dynamic-braking circuits wherein the motorarmature or armatures of each of said seriesmotor means are loaded by the field winding or windings of the other one of said series-motor means, respectively, both of said dynamic-braking circuits including variable braking-circuit resistance; (b) aseparate braking-controllinglimitrelay means, associatedwith the non-common portion of each of said two dynamic-braking circuits, each of said braking-controlling limit relay means being energized to be responsive to conditions which accompany a lower-than-desired braking-current in its own dynamic-braking circuit; (c) a progressively operating braking-controlling means, for progressively controlling the braking-adjustments of both of said dynamicbraking circuits during dynamic-braking conditions, said progressively operating braking-controlling means including a means for progressively reducing the braking-circuit resistance in both of said dynamic-braking circuits; and (d) a control means, for so controlling said braking-controlling means as to interrupt the progressive ad-' justments in both of said dynamic-braking circuits whenever either one of said separate braking-controlling limit-relay means is in its acceptable-braking-current condition.

4. The invention as defined in claim 3, characterized by each of said limit-relay means (b) including a variable setting-controlling means, and means for simultaneously controlling the two variable setting-controlling means.

GEORGE R. PURIFOY.

References Cited in the flle of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 2,428,574 Lentz Oct. 7, 1947 2,436,341 Weybrew Feb. 17, 1948 2,452,191 Hines et a1 Oct. 26, 1948 2,523,143 Riley et a1 Sept. 19, 1950 

